RyR2 expression has been reported to be decreased in HF by 25% in rabbit (Ai et al., 2005) or ∼30% in canine (Song et al., 2005) models of aortic insufficiency, 48% in a canine model of chronic HF by pacing (Kubalova et al., 2005) and 35% in human heart (Go et al., 1995). The gene discussed is RYR2; the disease is aortic valve insufficiency.