In addition, the HF diet led to an increased hypothalamic expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, of proteins involved in inflammatory signal transduction, such as SOCS3, pJNK and pIKK (Fig. 1D), and also of a marker of glial cell activation, F4/80 (Fig. 1E). Here, SOCS3 is linked to hydrops fetalis.