In order to explore the hypothesis that HCV proteins may accelerate inflammation-associated liver carcinogenesis, and to identify and characterize the signaling pathways most likely to be affected, we crossed one of the existing HCV-Tg models, which produced detectable levels of HCV proteins [9], with the Mdr2 knockout (Mdr2-KO) mice, a model of inflammation-associated HCC. The gene discussed is ABCB4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.