A novel mouse model of colitis-related colon carcinogenesis was recently established for investigating the pathogenesis of UC-related CRC development.[126] Several inflammation-related genes, transcribed by the common transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),[127] such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2,[128] inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),[129] interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β,[130] are increased in inflamed mucosa and remain elevated in colonic neoplasms. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.