To determine if RGD-A-TNF trafficked to tumor versus normal tissues, we analyzed pre-treatment and post-treatment (after 4–6 hours and after 4 days) biopsies of tumor and normal tissues (i.e., oral mucosa, skin, and muscle) following a single dose of RGD-A-TNF by dual-color immunofluorescence (IF) staining for phage (Fig. 2A, B). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.