PPARA and atherosclerosis: Two papers describe the effects of PPARs/PPAR ligands on immune/inflammatoryresponses; Fernandez reviews the roles of the PPARs in modulating theimmune/inflammatory response in atherosclerosis, while Yamashita reviews thereceptor-independent effects of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ ligands on cysteinyl leukotriene production inmast cells as it relates to the development of potential anti-asthmamedications.