Although SIV-infected macaques have no detectable IFN-γ production, treatment with D-type CpG ODNs increased IFN-α and reduced Leishmania amazonensis-induced lesions when treated at -3 and +3 d, whereas those treated with K-type CpG ODNs had no reduction in infection although IL-6 and cell proliferation was similar to healthy macaques [100]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is infection.