TLR7 and infection: Mice pretreated with a TLR7 agonist (4-[6-amino-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)purin-9-ylmethyl]benzaldehyde) – mouse serum albumin conjugate prior to influenza A H1N1 viral challenge had a significant delay in mortality relative to those not receiving the conjugate [168] suggesting that stimulation of the influenza-binding receptor before infection can improve the outcome Intranasal administration of the synthetic TLR7/8 agonist 3M-011 significantly inhibited H3N2 influenza viral replication in the nasal cavity of rats when administered between 72 h before and 6 h after viral challenge.