These in vivo experiments suggest that anti-EGFR treatment is effective in cholangiocarcinoma with activated EGFR signalling (e.g., EGFR amplification), and that inhibiting stromal angiogenesis through VEGFR inhibition also contributes to abrogate tumour environment and suppress tumour growth, although the synergistic effect between EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibition was not clear in this study. The gene discussed is KDR; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.