The main finding ofthis study was that diabetic subjects with nephropathy showed decreased ADPRCA.However, PBMCs in proinflammatory states like diabetic vasculopathy might berelating to increased ADPRCA as several cytokines including IL-8, IFN-gammaupregulate intracellular CD38 activity [17], our results interestingly showeddecreased ADPRCA in PBMCs. Here, CD38 is linked to kidney disorder.