Cognate CD4+ T cell help appeared to significantly augment the CD8+ anti-tumour immune response in all patients vaccinated with class I+II hTERT peptide-pulsed DCs, which may explain the 2/6 (33%) clinical responders (2 transient tumour regressions) in this group, as compared with only 2 clinical responders (20%, both transient tumour regressions) in the 10 patients vaccinated without class II cognate helper epitopes. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.