CCR1 and infection: Thus, despite our findings demonstrating improved survival from PVM infection with CCR1 blockade [15], and those of He and colleagues [38], who likewise demonstrated that CCR1 antagonism provided protection against neutrophil-mediated lung injury in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis, the results presented here, in which we observe neutrophil recruitment but minimal clinical disease, suggest that neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil activation are to some extent distinct and discrete signaling events.