TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: HuH-7 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, were first transfected with the pEGFP-LD series of plasmids and treated with TNF-α at 24 h post-transfection for 2 h so that the EGFP-LD would behave like authentic LDAg [38] and be translocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm after the TNF-α treatment [39].