In this context, the most common pathogens in CF, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, promote an increase of intracellular calcium concentration in CF cells that lead to NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production via ERK1/2 and p38 pathways [75]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cystic fibrosis.