As fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, hypercellularity and pulmonary fibrosis are commonly associated with VILI in very preterm infants [1] and fetal sheep [19], it is possible that abnormally high CTGF expression following VILI (~25 fold in the current study) may contribute to the pathogenesis of BPD. Here, CCN2 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.