Just as NM23-H1 knockdown enhanced autointegration, overexpressing NM23-H1 in an NM23-H1 defective human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-435) suppressed HIV-1 autointegration by 2-fold (p<0.001) but had no effect on reverse transcription (Figure 6D). This evidence concerns the gene NME1 and breast carcinoma.