Taken together with reports that HBV infection [34], free fatty acids [35] and bile salts [36], or HCV [9], [37]can increase TRAIL expression, we propose a model (Figure 5) whereby HIV infection alone induces TRAIL sensitivity in human hepatocytes which acts synergistically with increased TRAIL expressed in other liver disease states, thereby accelerating liver disease. The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is liver disorder.