ATOH1 and neoplasm: In summary, taken together, evidence from mutation analysis in human patients, as well as gain- and loss-of-function analysis in mouse and human cells, support a model (Figure 8) in which ATOH1 modulates JNK activity, possibly via co-option of context-specific RTK signaling, to induce apoptosis and up-regulate p21waf1 expression, keeping tumor growth in check.