Significant over-representation of E2F motifs was identified in ∼45% (13/28) of the signatures tested, including prognostic (bladder, breast and central nervous system (CNS) cancers, and three multi-cancer signatures) and predictive signatures (docetaxel in breast tumors, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung tumors and pemetrexed in advanced solid tumors) (false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P values<0.05) (Fig. 2A). Here, EGFR is linked to breast neoplasm.