In addition, many studies focused on heart failure have also discovered over-transcription of type IV collagen, fibronectin, TGF-β could induce impaired contractility of cardiomyocytes, increased accumulation of extracellular matrix and also hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, microangiopathy of heart and fibrosis of interstitial substance, which at last leads to heart failure. Here, TGFB1 is linked to heart failure.