NFKB1 and infection: C. jejuni BCE, like infection with live C. jejuni, has been shown to be a potent inducer of NF-κB using either luciferase based reporter assays, western blots with antibodies against IκB or electrophoretic mobility shift assays in epithelial cells [8] but, unlike treatment with live C. jejuni, this does not lead to host cell lysis.