Both immune or non-immune cells can be the focus of biological rationals for cytokine therapy, including: 1) T cells: to enhance the development, proliferation and/or function of either endogenous or adoptively transferred effector T cells; 2) NK cells: to enhance NK activity and improve ADCC; 3) tumor cells: to upregulate Ag and MHC expression, or induce an anti-proliferative effect; 4) DC/APC: to generate and mature DC/APC in vitro, and to increase DC/APC number and function in vivo. The gene discussed is HLA-C; the disease is neoplasm.