DLX3 and cholesteryl ester measurement: To verify this hypothesis we performed triple in situ hybridization experiments using two different cocktails of cRNA probes: one consists of probes for hgg1, ntl and dlx3, and serves to identify CE defects due to impairment of the non-canonical wnt pathway [31]; the other contains probes for rx3, pax2a and ntl, and explores CE defects deriving from impairment of the canonical wnt pathway [32].