INS and Insulin resistance: This finding from the current study is consistent with that of Courbold et al and demonstrates that increased insulin stimulated IRS-1 Ser phosphorylation occurs in cultured rat skeletal muscle after pre-exposure to T. Although there are at least 50 known potential serine/threonine phosphorylation sites on IRS-1, most studies relating IRS-1 serine phosphorylation to insulin resistance study one, or at most several, sites in response to a given stimulus [9], [11], [14], [16], [17], [26], [27].