PLK1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: To date, overexpression of Plk1 has been observed in a number of human cancers including non-small-cell lung cancer [30], head and neck cancer [31], esophageal cancer [32,33], gastric cancer [32,34,35], melanomas [36,37], breast cancer[38], ovarian cancer [39], endometrial cancer [40], colorectal cancer [41,42], glioma [43], papillary carcinoma [44], pancreatic cancer [45,46], prostate cancer [47], hepatoma [48], leukemia and lymphoma [49,50], bladder cancer [51], and thyroid cancer [52].