With Th1 cytokines, marked downregulation of the COX VI subunit was seen; this differs from the decrease in the COX IV subunit reported in MS tissue, and may provide a clue to the very earliest changes occurring in mitochondrial function in glia exposed to proinflammatory cytokines, as may the very early downregulation of the 16s mitochondrial ribosomal RNA, which would effect all of the 13 mitochondrial encoded genes. The gene discussed is COX4I1; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.