In a cohort of NSCLC patients from Italy treated with gefitinib, EGFR protein overexpression (IHC positive) was demonstrated in 59% of tumors, and was associated with increased response (21% vs. 5%; P = 0.03) and survival (11.5 vs. 5 months; P = 0.01), but not with specific clinical characteristics. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.