Using an established S1000A7 ELISA assay in the lab we confirmed that the increased steady-state levels of S100A7 immunoreactive material in the CSF of AD cases (CDR 2–5) was rather selective since no detectable changes were found in CSF of cases affected by Parkinson's disease without dementia and normal neurological control cases (Fig. 2). The gene discussed is S100A7; the disease is dementia.