High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ and TNF-α [19] are found in TB effusions but, in addition to protective effects [20], [21], there are also reports of detrimental effects of IFN-γ [22], TNF-α [23], and IL-12 [24], especially if present at high concentrations. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.