WNT16 was significantly increased (p = 0.006) in the AF of women carrying fetuses with CHDs (mean = 818) compared to controls (mean = 220) as was Pcsk1 (p = 0.012; mean = 167 compared to control mean = 50), and ST14 (p = 0.013; mean = 356 compared to controls mean = 135) (Fig. 5A, B). This evidence concerns the gene WNT16 and atrial fibrillation.