Further work has shown that rapamycin has growth inhibitory effects across a panel of human melanoma cell lines (Molhoek et al, 2005), and there is evidence of synergistic pro-apoptotic activity between sorafenib/MEK inhibitors and rapamycin in preclinical models of melanoma (Molhoek et al, 2005; Meier et al, 2007; Lasithiotakis et al, 2008). Here, MAP2K7 is linked to melanoma.