Bilban et al. [31] also found downregulation of MMP-2 activity by the KiSS-1 gene product in human trophoblasts, which implies an association between the tumor suppressor role of KiSS-1 suggested in this study and our previous report that activation of MMP-2 has a significant role in invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer[32]. This evidence concerns the gene KISS1 and neoplasm.