The levels of the four circulating immune mediators significantly associated with hepatosplenomegaly were all also significantly associated with the extent of spleen enlargement for both S. mansoninegative and positive children: IL-12p70 (Smneg: P < 0·001; Smpos: P = 0·006), IL-10 (Smneg: P < 0·001; Smpos: P < 0·001), IL-13 (Smneg: P = 0·003; Smpos: P = 0·017) and sTNF-RII (Smneg: P < 0·001; Smpos: P < 0·001). Here, IL13 is linked to Hepatosplenomegaly.