Two studies report on the influence of S. haematobiumand malaria co-infection on levels of circulating immune regulators; with levels of IFNγ and sTNF-RII being elevated in co-infected children, either in comparison with children who had blood smear detectable malaria but not detectable S. haematobiumeggs (21), or in comparison with children who had detectable S. haematobiumeggs but not blood smear detectable malaria (22). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is malaria.