Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα] and interleukin-6 [IL-6] secreted by macrophages and other innate immune cells), as well as downstream signaling pathways (e.g., RAS and myc) and the activities of transcription factors such as NF-κB and STAT3, have all been linked to malignant transformation, and are also involved in tumor-related inflammation [14–19]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.