In conclusion, the results reported provide compelling evidence for the role played by HMGB1 in mediating the efficacy of antiglioma therapeutic regimes that are based on tumor cell killing strategies, such as the HSV1-TK (+GCV) conditional cytotoxic approach described herein and currently in Phase III clinical trials [82], or other currently employed chemotherapeutic (e.g., temozolomide), and radiotherapy regimes. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is neoplasm.