Interestingly, one of the most commonly used HCC staging systems, the CLIP system (4), includes all four of these predictors (portal vein thrombosis, tumour size, Child–Pugh class and AFP) and, in fact, the CLIP staging system itself was identified as the sixth most common predictor of mortality, being among the first five significant variables in 11/15 studies (73%). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and neoplasm.