Considering the importance of CK1-mediated signals, it is obvious that mutations and/or changes in the activity of CK1 isoforms, especially of CK1δ and ε, or mutations of CK1 specific phosphorylation sites within their substrates can be pathogenic, leading to neurodegenerative diseases [23]–[26], sleeping disorders [27]–[30], and/or cancer [2], [31]–[36]. The gene discussed is CSNK1A1; the disease is cancer.