These authorsfocused their discussion on the role of PPARα as anti-inflammatory mediator, and on the consequencesof its suppression in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. It is important to remember that theimpaired transcriptional activity of PPARα associated with HCV infection may indirectly worsenIR via increased expression of TNF-α; thus,the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of HCV-associated IR should not beoverlooked [31]. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is hepatitis C virus infection.