Especially if the patients had at least one of the risk factors, e.g., the advanced histological fibrosis stage, advanced age, male sex, alcohol intake, higher serum ALT, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and history of HBV infection, an annual follow-up with strict surveillance program for HCC should be performed for more than 10 years after the completion of IFN therapy. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.