TLR4 and infection: Lower levels of cell death are observed in TLR2-/- knock-out cells as compared to wt cells 24 hours post-infection [49].Whereas peritoneal macrophages from TLR2-/- or wt mice are able to produce TNF-alpha in response to an exposure to HSV1 (as opposed to MyD88-/- mice), TLR2-/- mice showed significantly lower levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the brain and reduced mortality compared to wt or TLR4-/- mice [50].