The fact that JAK2 is only activated in ovarian carcinomas but not in normal ovaries or benign/borderline tumours suggests that the activation of STAT3 in normal ovaries and benign/borderline tumours may be independent of JAK2 activity and may depend on the intrinsic kinase activity of non-receptor cytoplasmic kinases such as SRC (Garcia et al, 2001) or the cytokine/growth factor stimulation of receptors with innate kinase activity (Badache and Hynes, 2001). Here, SRC is linked to ovarian carcinoma.