Deleterious effects of Ly-6C(hi) macrophages were previously shown in mice lacking the MCP-1/CCR2 pathway (responsible for the attraction of the Ly-6C(hi) subset in ischemic lesions) during myocardial, renal and cerebral ischemia [27], [39]–[41], in which protection was associated with a delayed macrophage infiltration and a reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine profile. The gene discussed is CCR2; the disease is brain ischemia.