Further, as constitutively active NF-κB occurs in many inflammatory and tumour tissues (Liu et al, 2008), and as Nrf2 is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many cancers and inflammation-associated conditions (Nair et al, 2007a), we elected to select these two important transcriptional regulators in this study to explore the potential for putative crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB signalling pathways in inflammation/injury and carcinogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.