This study also showed that HB tumours with hypermethylated H19 DMR tended to have an unmethylated P3 promoter, indicating that the paternal P3 promoter or the maternal P3 promoter upstream of the aberrantly methylated H19 DMR is likely to be unmethylated, probably because of stimulation of the enhancer signal. Here, H19 is linked to hemoglobin measurement.