MMP9 and neoplasm: Whilst the exact mechanism of IL-17-dependent tumour cell invasion remains unknown, the antagonists we employed do not exclusively inhibit MMPs and may act on other classes of protease – including disintegrin and metalloproteinase proteins (for example, ADAM12) and astacins such as meprin, which displays activity similar to the gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9 [47].