The induction of cFLAR during toxigenic anthrax infection likely contributes to prevent apoptosis in a similar fashion, particularly when combined with the suppression of TNF-α production, as it has been shown that LeTx inhibited the TNF-α production in both endotoxin-stimulated macrophages [60,61] and anthrax bacterial cell wall-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells [6]. The gene discussed is CFLAR; the disease is anthrax infection.