CACNA1C and essential hypertension: By gene array studies, we showed that the isolated patient α1-AAB and rabbit α1-AB both upregulate two gene types, namely PLA2-IIA and Cacna1c. In a proof-of-concept, non-controlled trial, we show that removal of α1-AAB by immunoadsorption lowers blood pressure in α1-AAB positive patients with intractable primary hypertension.