The frequency of these defects was similar in both Dvl3+/−;LtapLp/+ (7/22, 32%, 5 with craniorachischisis and 2 with exencephaly) and Dvl3−/−;LtapLp/+ mutants (6/16, 38%, all with craniorachischisis). This evidence concerns the gene DVL3 and craniorachischisis.