In mammals there are some 80–90 DUBs categorized into five gene families: the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs); the ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs/UBPs); the ovarian tumor (OTU) domain proteins; the Josephin or Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) proteins and the JAMM (Jab1/MPN domain-associated metalloisopeptidase) domain proteins. This evidence concerns the gene ATXN3 and neoplasm.