The estimated frequencies of mutations in adPEO have been reported to be 4%–10% for ANT1, 15%–35% for PEO1, and 45% for POLG1. TP is mainly associated with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) [3-6,9-13]. This evidence concerns the gene TWNK and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.