MiRNAs have already been shown to play a role, possibly positively influencing neuronal survival, in the modulation of Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) in the polyglutamine disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) where the miRNA ban was determined to act down-stream of ATXN-3 toxicity [18]. The gene discussed is ATXN3; the disease is Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.