Once again, and in a similar fashion to other therapeutic strategies in the HAART setting (i.e. treatment interruption, IL-2 +/- therapeutic immunisation, and IL-2+GM-CSF immunotherapy), removal of immuno- or in this case endocrino-therapy results in loss of induced anti-HIV-1 CD4+ HTL in chronic HIV-1 infection [1,2,13]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is HIV-1 infection.